Political, technological, market, cost and competitive changes have driven many businesses to expand operations globally - creating an explosion in the growth rate of international business. Firms operating across borders must also deal with the following forces in the international, foreign and domestic environments:

- competitive

- distributive

- economic

- socioeconomic

- financial

- legal

- physical

- political

- sociocultural



The relationship of the forces in the international, foreign and domestic environments form the basis of Ball & McCulloch's International Business model.